Social Responsiblity free essay sample

Corporate social obligation is characterized in Chapter 5 as the corporate obligation to make riches by utilizing implies that maintain a strategic distance from damage to, ensure, or upgrade cultural resources. Did GE in the Welch time satisfy this obligation? Might it be able to have been improved? What would it be advisable for it to have done? Jack Welch made GE the most significant organization on the planet. He was portrayed as â€Å"the generally significant and persuasive business pioneers of the twentieth Century† by some Wall Street expert. By the by, Jack Welch as the CEO didn't satisfy the obligation of social duty. He didn't maintain a strategic distance from hurt or secure cultural resources. Under Welch’s initiative the GE Company added to natural harms in regions of the nation which fabricated GE items. One moments is GE intensely contaminated the Hudson River with PCBs, one of the most harmful and constant man-made substances that can cause malignant growth in individuals. From 1947-1977 GE dumped upwards of 1. We will compose a custom paper test on Social Responsiblity or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 3 million pounds of PCBs into the Hudson River. It has transformed 197-mile stretch of the waterway into the nation’s superfund site. From that point forward there has been a battle for GE to tidy up the chaos. In 1980 Congress passed the Superfund law which has made an expense on the concoction and oil enterprises and gave expansive Federal position to react legitimately to discharges or compromised arrivals of risky substances that may jeopardize general wellbeing or the earth. GE has neglected to follow this law. They are battling the advancement of tidy up plan with each device it can purchase by campaigning congress, assaulting the Superfund law in court, and propelling a media bitz to spread disinformation about the handiness of cleanup, asserting that digging the waterway would really work up PCBs which was bogus guaranteed by EPA and outside specialists. In the event that they don't tidy up the chaos it could cost citizen $350 to 400 million dollars. This is demonstrating that GE isn't securing society and is really hurting individuals. When Welch was CEO he could have quite recently tidied up the wreckage and it would have diminishes the wellbeing hazard it cased to individuals. Rather he decide to battle the tidy up process which cost him millions while he could have quite recently gone through to cash and tidied it up to maintain a strategic distance from hurt, and secure society. Another way he hurt, and didn't improve society is the quantity of individuals he laid off in the organization. With is five years of him assuming control more than 1 and 4 individuals would leave GE finance. The book states, association pioneers gauge that in his most recent 15 years GE wiped out 150,000 occupations in the United States through cutbacks, subcontracting, and out sourcing to outside nations. With the broad about of cutbacks and re-appropriating occupations it harms the United States economy by expanding the joblessness rate and the American charge proportion. Welch has included the economy of redistributing which is forgetting about American’s with employments here and unfit to secure positions. This isn't upgrading are society when the joblessness rate is expanding because of cutback representatives and redistributing employments over oceans. The main way Jack Welch satisfies its essential financial obligation in settling charges. They paid 5. 7 billion dollars in charges in 2000. Assessments do help from numerous points of view however. The assessments paid to state and nearby locales help pay for police and fire assurance. Government annual assessments help pay for guard for the nation. They likewise pay for capital offices, for example, thruways and other transportation administrations and for help for the individuals who are poor or sick. Jack Welch accepted that he satisfied his social obligation by paying assessments since how that helps society. He stated, â€Å"I think a company’s social obligation is as a matter of first importance to winning since winning organizations are the main organizations that can give back. Winning organizations make good on charges. † However, GE compelled urban areas, nations, and states to bring down duties by taking steps to move activities somewhere else. This affected schools and the framework by bringing down the spending plans. He has faith in paying assessments is his social duty however will successfully bring down the expenses which indicating his absence of social obligation and effectively lower cost to build benefits. Paying duties is magnificent and everything except it isn't the main social obligation that an organization ought to have. Jack Welch ought to have been proactive in his tidied up the PCBs in the Hudson River, to help forestall the mischief of the fish and the residents who live close and on this American water source. He ought to have considered the cutbacks and what impact re-appropriating had on the US economy. It would have been all the more socially capably to have searched for approaches to improve American work power through inventive thoughts and collaborating with different organizations on the planet. With all due respect, he fulfilled the financial duty of paying charges to elp society; he would have done anything in his capacity to bring down the assessments however. He could have accomplished more! 2. Does GE under Welch represent a smaller perspective on corporate social duty closer to Friedman’s see that the main social obligation is to build benefits while comp lying with the law? Welch delineates a tight perspective on the corporate social duty closer to Friedman’s see. Jack Welch believed the main social duty is to build benefits while complying with the law. Welch said a â€Å"CEO’s essential social obligation is to guarantee the monetary accomplishment of the organization. It is tied in with hitting the numbers with Jack Welch. He did this by effectively bring down the expense and he conveyed the development figures that must be envisioned by lesser organizations. He improved the company’s advertise an incentive from twelve billion dollars in 1981 to around 280 billion dollars in 2001. He accomplished this by shutting, selling, or fixing produces inside GE, and by redistributing occupations to cut expense in Mexico. Welch’s vision was that each GE business would be the main or number two rival in its industry. On the off chance that the business couldn't hit its numbers he would fix it, sell it, or close it down. He shut 73 plants, sold 232 organizations and dispensed with 132,000 specialists from GE finance all to expand benefits. Another way he expanded benefits was re-appropriating employments. It cut expense by moving offices employments to Mexico’s low compensation work markets. Ed Fire, the union’s president, evaluated that 66% of the 30,000 lost positions were basically moved to low-wage nations. He would locate the least wages, most reduced advantage levels, and most prejudiced working conditions to help support income. GE has wiped out extra occupations in the United States by forcing its providers as while to move alongside it to Mexico. By this they have dispensed with an enormous number of occupations in the US. This isn't ensuring society with professional stability. It is just helping the organization increment benefits which show that GE just accepts its social obligation is to expand benefits and not help the general public. GE increased benefit by comply with the law. Anyway they are such an amazing organization with an excess of political force and as a rule the laws are written in support of themselves. This makes it simpler for them to comply with the laws since Welch utilized his persuasions to get decisions in GE’s favor. A case of Welch persuasive forces is a legal dispute in 2004. For the situation, Judge S. R. Underhill decided for GE in a duty case including occasions that occurred from 1993-1998. The fundamental issue is whether a company can morally abuse highlights of the duty law. For this situation, GE moved 98 percent of the available pay to two non-available Dutch Banks, however didn't move 98 percent of the advantages. Additionally, the GE charge process brought about completely devalued planes being deteriorated a subsequent tome. The courts governed in support of himself (Bierman). Jack Welch had a restricted imminent to corporate social obligation. He sole idea that expansion benefits was it. He should this by saying the main great organization is a â€Å"winning† organization. . How all around did GE conform to the â€Å"General Principles of Corporate Social Responsibility† set out in the segment of the title in the part? The general standards expressed in the book are and how Jack Welch went along to the standards are: †¢ Companies are financial instincts run for benefit. This rule is about the best duty is to give monetary advantages. Jack Welch masculine showed his company to this standard alone. In this guideline it accepts that they ought to be judged essentially on monetary standards and can't be relied upon to meet absolutely social goals without money related impetuses. All organizations must adhere to various assemblages of laws. This rule incorporates obeying partnership laws and contracting arrangements, the common and criminal laws of countries and assemblages of guideline that secure partners, and global laws. GE complies with the laws and guidelines stowed flourish them. Be that as it may, the organization is excessively politically ground-breaking and guidelines are written for GE a few pundits state. †¢Corporations have an obligation to address the antagonistic social effect they cause. It expresses that they should attempt to disguise outside expense, or cost of creation borne by society. GE has not satisfied its obligation with this guideline. GE in 1977, as expressed being referred to on, dumped 1. 3 million pounds of PCBs into the Hudson River which sway the general public around the territory and the fish in the waterway. The hurtful poisons have been connected to malignant growth. GE has would not tidy up the chaos. They are battling the tidy up with each mean essential. They are making an effort not to assist society with the harm it has caused. It will presumably at long last reason citizens cash to tidy up the chaos. †¢Managers should attempt to address genuine issues of partners. In t

Leadership Development Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Initiative Development Project - Essay Example This would be viewed as an uncommon quality among the vast majority of the residents of different nations as it was relied upon that they needed to retaliate as a type of battling for their privileges. Leaders’ arriving at an accord through gatherings was likewise a favored technique in keeping up harmony between the two contention parties (Cromwell and Kolb, 2004). Results From the examinations led, obviously peacefulness helped the individuals from the Indian people group to remain in harmony as long as they didn't embrace brutality. Other elective measures proposed could be the holding of talks with the pioneers of the restriction trying to discover an answer for the complaints that were being introduced particularly the possibility of poor lodging conditions (Burman and Evans, 2008). Translation Most nations favor t use savagery as a method of compromise and this infers the utilization of peacefulness measures may not be powerful or may take long to be effective in specifi c nations. To make the administration procedure a triumph, pioneers from the two gatherings needed to guarantee that the two of them arrived at an agreement on the best way to oversee residents from both the bosses and the slaves. Pioneer Profile Mahatma Gandhi was an incredible pioneer who heard a few accounts of pioneers like Shravana and they were a wellspring of motivation as he grew up. During his years he wanted for a nation that would keep up harmony through peacefulness while common noncompliance for those nations that were bound to be casualties of war. He held social equality developments in South Africa trying to against the common segregation being looked by Indians. His battle against prejudice made him a saint even with the Indians and this left a characteristic of history down the path. The battle for the social equality for his kin turned into a typical enthusiasm for him as he got keen on liberating his men from the firm grasps of bondage. He was against the oppress ion the Africans as well and this was even experienced without anyone else when he was tossed out of the train. This demonstrated to him that segregation had gotten wild in all viewpoints that were a fundamental necessity to the Africans and furthermore Indians. Such acts that he experienced face to face made his personality for social activism to rise and went out to upset for rights on social treachery. He had been a casualty of bigotry, foul play and partiality from the whites and it was the ideal opportunity for him to show the path for the minimized gatherings in South Africa. He helped the Indians in South Africa to battle against a bill that should have been passed denying them the option to cast a ballot. His standard of Satyagraha wherein they needed to dedicate themselves to truth was to be maintained in each perspective (Surendra and Goolam, 2005). They thought that it was better for them to endure the disciplines than be engaged with wars. Book Report Lussier, R. N. and Christopher, F. A. (2009). Initiative: Theory, Application, and Skill Development. New York: Cengage Learning. Great initiative can be guaranteed through the part of aptitude advancement where people in the administration positions must be imaginative so as to guarantee that their style of authority is one that will be acknowledged by all in the general public or nation on the loose. The different initiative capacities must be tended to concerning the regions of intrigue and this has been plainly demonstrated in the book which gives a bit by bit model of how to manage the rules (Luisier et al, 2009). Pioneers are relied upon to have basic

If free essay sample

On the off chance that is an expression of the past and myself when all is said in done doesn’t truly like the word itself. It reminds about the past and what I could have improved and furthermore makes me think about what might have occurred on the off chance that I accomplished something, or on the off chance that I had invested more energy, or in the event that I had gotten passing marks. I truly don’t like the word in light of the fact that it’s before and I embrace current circumstances and until they make a type of a time machine or something to that affect I will even now be in the present. Be that as it may, in the event that I could return in time which I truly don’t like to consider I would do things much more diversely then what I am doing today. The main thing that I would need to do on the off chance that somebody asked me what might you do on the off chance that you could return in time is that I would backtrack to the beginning of ninth grad e and never slack of on my evaluations and consistently keep that main need over all before whatever else, in such a case that I would have done that then I would be in this circumstance that I’m in right realize that I need to get passing marks in each and every subject just to get my GPA to an okay stage for me that I can scarcely make it to school. We will compose a custom paper test on In the event that or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Additionally in the event that I could accomplish something different I would need to change my demeanor towards work and quit being so apathetic about work and examining. In any case, I surmise that’s why the word if is expressed if in light of the fact that its something that you would never show signs of change in your life.

Earthquakes :: essays research papers

Seismic tremors Seismic tremors happen practically ordinary everywhere throughout the world. More often than not quakes are not sufficiently able to be felt by individuals, yet the shaking brought about by a tremor can be recorded by a seismometer. These machines are found everywhere throughout the world to guarantee discovery of tremors all things considered. Just incidentally will a bigger greatness tremor strike and cause harm to the locale. There are numerous shortcomings around the globe and relying upon where these flaws are plays a central point in figuring out where a seismic tremor will happen. It is these deficiencies that are the explanation behind quakes. The data seismologists think about past quakes and tremors all in all give them a restricted capacity to for the most part foresee when and where seismic tremors will happen. A seismic tremor is the shaking of Earth’s surface brought about by fast development of the earth’s rough external layer. â€Å"Earthquakes happen when pressure put away in rocks out of nowhere releases† (Vogt 12). Shortcomings happen at these spots where shakes on either side of the break have moved. Seas are basic spots for major structural plates to move. At the point when two plates discrete, new maritime covering is made close to the issue as magma rises and in the long run sets on the ocean bottom. On the off chance that the plates on either side of the shortcoming keep on spreading, at that point the sea gradually increases in width. This is called ocean bottom spreading. Mid-sea edges are described by a break like valley at the flaw. This split like valley is brought about by the pressure pulling the plates separated, making ordinary blaming happen various occasions in the unique limit.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Shevchik 2 The most widely recognized sort of issue is a typical or plunge slip shortcoming. These happen when two squares of earth are pushed toward one another, making one ride up over the other (Britt 1). â€Å"The hanging divider moves descending comparative with the footwall† (Tarbuck 244). A converse shortcoming is something contrary to a typical issue. â€Å"The hanging divider moves upward comparative with the footwall† (Tarbuck 244). An extremely ground-breaking kind of deficiency is the strike-slip issue that happens when two plates slide past each other. The San Andreas Fault in California is an excellent case of this kind of issue. A lot of harm is done when any sort of deficiency shakes the dirt under structures in a low-lying, waterlogged territories, causing liquefaction. Liquefaction happens when a tremor shakes the wet, sandy soil almost a waterway.

Intoroducing Proficient Term Paper Writers

Intoroducing Proficient Term Paper Writers Intoroducing Proficient Term Paper Writers Writing a term paper is a skill that some students struggle to master. They spend endless hours in the library and sleepless nights writing. All the while they may be wishing that they knew a term paper writer who could come to their rescue and write that paper. There is just such help available; your own personal term paper writers are as close as your computer keyboard. Start now and soon you will be on your way to a much less stressful semester. Begin your search by entering term paper writing help in your favorite search engine. You will be given thousands of choices, so choose wisely. Look over several of the sites to see how they compare for cost and quality. Look for customer approval ratings, writer feedback, and sample papers to help you make your decision. Don’t forget to look over the company’s policies on revisions, corrections, and additions. You want to be sure that the paper you purchase is going to fit your needs. Purchasing Term Papers You may have questions about ordering online assignments. How will I know that I am not going to get in trouble for plagiarizing? Will my name be used for advertising? What if I am not satisfied with my paper? When you buy term paper online, you should take the time to check out the company before doing business with them. One of the best ways to do this is to enter the company’s name in as a search and look for blogs and other sites that mention the company and their services. There are also certain things that you can look for on the company’s site to help you decide which writing service to purchase from. Teams of professional writers, a variety of paper styles, and a range of different topics. Firms that employ numerous writers will be able to match your needs with a specific writer’s skills. Anti-plagiarism guarantees. Many companies use high quality plagiarism detection software to ensure that all papers are original works. You should be assured that no one else will receive exactly the same paper that you have purchased. Contact with the support team and/or the writer. It is always helpful to maintain contact with your writer to be able to check on the progress, answer questions, or provide additional information. The best site for you is one that guarantees your satisfaction.

Mount A Winning Venture Capital Pitch Marketing Article - 1100 Words

Mount A Winning Venture Capital Pitch Marketing Article (Article Sample) Content: Mount A Winning Venture Capital PitchOther than having a good idea at a strategic time and environment, raising capital for a business venture is by far one of the most outstanding hurdles in setting up a successful business. So frustrating is this undertaking that most good ideas burn out from frustration resulting from inadequate capital, making access to capital the main difference between success and failure for budding entrepreneurs. In this respect, pitching is fast becoming a widely considerable approach to entrepreneurs as a way to acquire start-up and growth capital as well as build powerful partnerships that propel their ideas and businesses to new heights and tap into their full potential. Venture capitalists and angel investors locally and around the world consider Kenya a prime hub for investment.It is, however, important to note that most pitching initiatives end in failure for potential entrepreneurs. This is not attributed to any shortage of brilliant ideas worth investing in or even limited funds from investors. It results from the inability of entrepreneurs to communicate their ideas and situational environment in a way that leaves little to no doubt in the minds of VCs as to the realistic feasibility of the idea and soundness of making an investment. So what exactly are venture capitalists and investors looking for during a pitch, and how can an entrepreneur tailor the pitching process to communicate in a way that persuades and compels the VC to invest?What a VC is looking out for is a partner. You must depict impeccable integrity and be forthcoming on all aspects of your idea and situational context. Show unwavering passion and confidence in your idea and this is only achievable by understanding all the intricacies that pertain to the idea. Your investors are more likely to show an interest in your idea if they can see the passion flow within you, to begin with. It is the only way you demonstrate you will do all it takes to s ucceed, and they won't lose money. The other quality you must demonstrate is a degree of experience in your field and an understanding of the dynamics of your idea or product in the complex and competitive market. Point out other ventures you have succeeded in and validate your request for funding with entrepreneurial steel and spirit from experience. Just let your potential financier understand that you have the skill, commitment and leadership acumen to start and keep the business going.One of the most forgotten items during a pitch is a clear outline of how the financier will be making money. It is the primary interest for the investment, to begin with, and must come out in convincing detail. Give a clear vision of where you see the company in the short and long term and provide an indication of anticipation on how changes in the marketplace are likely to shape your idea and product. Demonstrate your ability to learn from the investing expertise and experience of your potential i nvestor and how a partnership with your VC would be of mutual benefit not just in this single venture but also in other areas as a result of this investment.Cement all your claims with solid proof and make yourself easy to understand and believe by sustaining the tempo of the engagement in an upward trajectory all through from start to finish. While a pitch should ordinarily take around half an hour, it should be ideal that you make your case in half of that time in a direct and strategic manner when the attention of your VC is at its peak.Be transactional and interactive in your communication. Don't let your misplaced sense of grandeur and overconfidence in your idea and abilities make you talk down to a prospective partner just as it is important never to cower down and let the VC talk down at you. Emotional appeal is only sensible as a negotiating tactic and to make a point in an intimate and personal way but never expect a seasoned investor to invest based on pity. It is, theref ore, imperative that you concentrate on the substance and the environment that your interaction creates during pitching. Content and impression will only come out if you focus the attention of the VC on yourself and not the distractions that aid your presentation. Consequently, visual aids and other modes of presentations must be kept to a minimum and used sparingly.As an integral part of most pitching initiatives, slides should be as few as possible and only contain information that complements your presentation and not substitute or regurgitate what you are saying. The information on a slide should be very brief, so your audience doesn't spend time reading it at the expense of listening to you make your case. Keep only small summaries of important points on the slides and let them be ones that are best accentuated by such vivid display. Some of the few points to be included in slides in brief non-distractive bullet forms and simple illustrations are the company logo, a summary ove rview of the business, the company management structure as well as the management team, describe your market- its size and demographic composition, your competitive edge, your competition, your market approach, your market share growth potential etc. Furt...

Literacy, The Ability Of Reading And Writing - 1503 Words

Literacy Literacy, the ability of reading and writing plays a very crucial role in an individual’s life and society. A literate individual can make the positive changes in society with his ability. I believe literacy is not only being able to read and write but to make the positive impacts by his understandings. It enables us on how we perceive what is and understand things around us. My experience of reading and writing over the years has developed and enhanced my perception and thinking ability whether it’s academically or creatively. Academically, I get to learn more and more whereas creatively, indulging in some reading and trying some writing has definitely made some changes in my reading and writing experience. I believe there are no boundaries in reading and writing. The more you learn the more you want to know or more you want to get into it. The meaning of literacy is not only limited to reading and writing. Along with the time the idea of literacy has welcomed technologies; audio visuals and gestures that we use are improving our literacy. Being literate helps in achieving goals and enhances the potential to participate fully in the society. Being able to read, write and understand helps in becoming a good human being and communicate with the society that we are living in. Literacy helps in obtaining information and our rights. The reading and writing experience for me gets interesting every time I indulge into something creative like reading novels or poems andShow MoreRelatedStrenthening Early Literacy Skills in Studnets Language Word Recognitio1634 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: STRENGTHENING EARLY LITERACY SKILLS IN STUDNETS: LANGUAGE AND WORD RECOGNITION Strengthening Early Literacy Skills in Students: Language and Word Recognition 510: Grand Canyon University Joanna Martinez September 9, 2012 Strengthening Early Literacy Skills in Students: Language and Word Recognition Introduction When discussing early literacy, its development begins at birth and continues its development throughout yearly childhood years. 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There are multiple definitions for SIDS, otherwise known...

There are multiple definitions for SIDS, otherwise known as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. According to the textbook Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions by Margaret Frazier and Jeanette Drzymkowski, this disease is defined as â€Å"the sudden and unpredicted death of an infant under the age of one year†. Another source, the Ohio Department of Health describes it as â€Å"the sudden death of an infant less than one year of age, which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a thorough autopsy, investigation of the death scene and a evaluation of the clinical history†. Although there are numerous explanations as to what this particular disease is, one thing remains a certain constant: the†¦show more content†¦However, multiple risk factors are thought to increase the risk of an infant dying from SIDS. The textbook Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions describes many of these contributing elements, such as, â €Å"smoking and drug abuse during the pregnancy, poor prenatal care, exposure of the infant to secondhand smoke, prematurity, recent upper respiratory tract infection in the infant, sleeping in the prone position, and a sibling with apnea†. Others in the medical field believe that there are genetic anomalies that can create a disposition to SIDS in an infant. One such individual is Debra Wood, R.N at the NYU-Langone Medical Center. In her article on SIDS, she proposes multiple genomic irregularities that could play a part in the eventual diagnosis of this disorder: â€Å"abnormalities in a section of the brain that controls breathing during sleep and waking, abnormalities in the control of heart rhythm, changes in how serotonin (a neurotransmitter) functions in the brain, changes in some components of the immune system, inadequate arousal response to breathing obstruction or asphyxia—a lack of oxygen or excess carbon dioxide in the body caused by interruption of brea thing; may cause unconsciousness†. The Ohio Department of Health lists multiple maternal factors that are deemed important : placental abnormalities, low weight gain during pregnancy, anemia and a history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) or urinary tract infection (UTI). Environmental factors to be notedShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pages Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center

Vaccinations Really Worth The Shot - 1584 Words

Vaccinations: Definitely Worth the Shot Vaccines are safer than ever and widely considered one of the greatest medical achievements of modern civilization. Childhood diseases, that were once a major problem, are now rare due to vaccinations. Immunizations are effectively changing the United States in so many ways. This includes: protecting others you care about, saving families time and money, and protecting future generations to come. Some citizens are objecting to vaccinations because of minor symptoms when they should really be looking at all the benefits they bring to us. The diseases are much worse than the potential side effects from the vaccines. People might not realize just what vaccine preventable-diseases can do. For instance, measles is fever, rash, pneumonia, brain infection and the leading cause of childhood blindness in the world. Some parents who do not want to vaccinate want to avoid anything that’s not natural for their kids. Tara Smith, associate professor of epidemiology at Kent State Univers ity, states, â€Å"If you want to do something natural, vaccination is far more natural that if your child ends up on a ventilator or needing antibiotics or if they end up with a brain infection so if you are trying to balance what’s the most natural way to take care of your child, I would say measles vaccine is pretty high up there† (Wallace, 1). In order to prevent re-occurring outbreaks, citizens must continue to get their vaccinations and make sure their childrenShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Measles Vaccination Rates1314 Words   |  6 PagesNoticing this, David Ropeik wrote his op-ed piece â€Å"Stop Fussing over Measles Vaccination Rates. Start Worrying about Flu Shots† towards the end of 2015. It is here where Ropeik offers a compelling, yet structurally flawed, argument to focus on influenza over measles. David Ropeik, a consultant in risk perception and risk communication, was a former professor at the Harvard School of Public Health, and wrote â€Å"How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don’t Match The Facts† (â€Å"David†). Ropeik starts and endsRead MorePros and Cons to Vaccination in Children1750 Words   |  7 PagesJennifer Krahenbuhl English 102 Patricia McKeown September 1st 2014 Pros and Cons to Vaccinations in Children Almost everyone has heard of the benefits and dangers of childhood vaccines. Parents are especially eager to do what is best for their child to protect him or her. Some people have different opinions on what the best specifically entails when it comes to childhood vaccines. Vaccinations are a controversial discussion as parents question whether it should be mandatory or optional whenRead MoreShould Vaccination Be Given to Children1208 Words   |  5 Pagesnothing worse than seeing an adolescent life being taken away from a dangerous disease. It is really painful knowing that person will never get to live to see their full potential and experience life. Diseases cause many deaths every year, it is inevitable. Bacteria are contained in every disease and one way it is absorbed is by being inhaled by the people, which will infect the body as a whole. It is really simple in that bacteria will continue to live freely and happily while the host will have toRead MoreVaccinations Persuasive Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pages Should Vaccinations for School Aged Children be Optional? Livia Simon, a six-month-old girl, as well as more than 30 other children too young to be vaccinated, were quarantined in their Oakland, California homes for three weeks following a potential exposure to measles at a local hospital. The exposure was from a child whose parents chose to refuse the common MMR (Measles Mumps Rubella) vaccine that would have prevented the incident. â€Å"People say it’s a personal choice not to vaccinate but it’sRead MoreI Am Doing A Research Paper On The Controversy Surrounding Vaccines1440 Words   |  6 Pagesshould not get vaccinations and that they can do more harm than good, and yet there are others who believe that getting vaccinations is the only way to prevent a massive outbreak in a community. Some questions I wanted to ask and answer are; can vaccinations actually be harmful to you? Can you still get a disease that you have been vaccinated against? Do parts of the world that have access to more vaccinations have less widespr ead epidemics and outbreaks because of the vaccinations, or just becauseRead MoreChildren With Asd Produced The Same Amount Of Antigens From Vaccines1779 Words   |  8 Pagesside effects such as redness or swelling after injection (CDC, np). Even so, the FDA decided to remove thimerosal from vaccines back in 2001 (Ross, np). Some anti-vaxxers claim that they don’t need to vaccinate their children because â€Å"measles isn’t really that bad† (Ross, np). Measles is a respiratory disease within the lungs and breathing tubes that results in fever and rash, and it is very contagious (CDC, np). Measles causes cough, runny nose, rash, diarrhea, and ear infection (CDC, np). MeaslesRead MoreVaccinations Should Be Mandatory Out Of Vaccinating Children1942 Words   |  8 Pageswithin their first two years of life, and receiving booster shots as they get older. This idea leads to numerous debates on why children should be vaccinated or why parents should be able to opt out of vaccinating their children due to developmental concerns or religious beliefs. In my opinion, however, regardless of religious beliefs, vaccinations should be mandatory—unless there is a medical reason not to—because not only do vaccinations protect children from various diseases and can save their livesRead MorePuppy Mills Have Been Notorious For Keeping The Puppy Trade Industry Alive1931 Words   |  8 Pagesthese devastating cases. Another rule to be keen on is the amount of vaccinations given to the dogs involved. Many puppy mills tend to do their own vaccinations to avoid showing off the dogs that tend to be in terrible condition. It is always the cheaper option as well. However, a study on vaccinations on dogs from dog dealers shows that many dogs sent to pet stores from these dog dealers suffer from a lack of correct vaccinations. They tend to be prone to more dangerous diseases and catch them earlierRead MoreThe Importance Of A Data Media1091 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment recognizes Influenza as vaccine preventable and encourages all to get a flue shot, yet 36,000 people died form it last year and 216 Children ages 0-14 died from the Flu in 2016. I’m guessing vaccine preventable disease outrage is selective according to these numbers. I think I’ll take break a nd go curse my mother in law out now because she didn’t get the flu vaccine. Oh wait that’s measles. But really, this is what is happening. Another insane number to take note of is the amount of childrenRead MoreReasons For Mandatory Immunization Records1850 Words   |  8 Pages California now along with two other states joined Mississippi and West Virginia that perm only medical exemptions as legitimate reasons to evade vaccinations. The four times that a student’s vaccination records are required are: 1. Entering daycare or preschool; 2. Entering kindergarten; 3. Entering kindergarten and 4. Any time a k-12 student changes school districts. That is, just changing schools within a district does not require the student’s parent/guardian to provide immunization records.

The Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing On Animals - 1896 Words

How many animals do you think are used each year in the United States, alone for scientific and commercial animal testing? What if I told you, 26-million animals, remember just in the United States, are used yearly. Animal testing has been used for research since at least 500 B.C. Some people, such as Scientists, say it has extremely revolutionized the society that we are today, such as being able to have vaccines. If it was not for animals testing, we would not have the Hepatitis B shot. In contrast though, other people and societies, such as PETA (People for Ethical Treatment of Animals) say it is extremely cruel and inhumane to experiment on animals. In now present day, there is now an alternative way to test products and biomedical†¦show more content†¦This eventually lead the formation and founding of the Society for the Protection of Animals Liable to Vivisection in 1875, then trailed by the formation of similar groups at around the same time, all the way to now presen t day. â€Å"A May 2013 Gallup poll found that 56 percent of Americans say medical testing on animals is morally acceptable, with 39 percent saying it is morally wrong†. â€Å"Younger Americans are less likely to accept animal testing†. The poll [also] found that women are more likely to object to [animal testing]. Queen Victoria was one of the initial opponents of animal testing in England, according to a document written by her private secretary in 1875. The letter said as follows: â€Å"The Queen has been dreadfully shocked at the details of some of these [animal research] practices, and is most anxious to put a stop to them.† This then eventually led to the Great Britain’s Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876. â€Å"The USDA breaks downs its data by three classifications of pain type: animals that endure pain during their use in research, but are given drugs to ease it. (339,769 animals in 2010); animals who experience pain and are not given drugs (97,123) ; animals who do not experience pain and are not even drugs (697,801).† The US military started testing on animalsShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing937 Words   |  4 PagesAbout Animal Testing? Kaylee Smith 9-6-2017 AGR 199 Introduction and Background Not very many people think about the fact that a majority of the products they buy have been tested on animals, let alone animal testing in general. Animal testing has been going on for many years, with the use of dogs, cats, mice, rabbits, mini pigs, and farm animals. When someone brings up animal testing there usually is an argument about the pros and cons. Many people are against it because the animals are beingRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Animal Testing2973 Words   |  12 Pagescabinet has been tested on an animal at one point or another. A government funded corporation called the Food and Drug Administration, abbreviated as the FDA, is in charge of making sure that all drugs, cosmetics, biological products, and more are efficient, secure, and safe for human usage. The FDA will not allow any drug to be released or sold to the human population if it has not first been tested on animals. In fact, when a drug is first created it is tested on animals before humans are even all owedRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Animal Testing1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Each year in USA laboratories more then 100 million animals are burned, poisoned and lamed (Top 5 Shocking Animal Experimentation Facts). Each year scientists use animals in order to progress, to improve life of people and animals. However, many testing animals suffer and die. But others do not agree and support the fact that we should use animals because of advance. So what are advantages and disadvantages of using animals? This problem will be researched from different areas such asRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1074 Words   |  5 Pages Animal Testing is a enormous upset in the word today. Animal activist have been trying to put an end to it for years , but to no avail. Animal testing is when scientist will use animals to do experiments on . They will either hook heavy machinery to these poor defenseless animals or inject them with harsh chemicals just to see if its okay for human use. Over 26 millions of animals are used every year in just the united states alone for these cruel acts by the hand of man. Testing on animals haveRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1288 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Each animal bred or used for research, whether a mouse, fish, or monkey, is an individual capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and distress† (â€Å"Animal† 2013). The advancements in technology today had sparked a debate worldwide on whether it is right or wrong to use animals for experimentation in laboratories. With newl y advanced scientific technology, experts are able to utilize advanced technology to simulate functions of the human body on a much smaller scale, including microchips of humanRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing2487 Words   |  10 PagesMillions of animals suffer painfully and even die as an outcome of scientific research. The effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products slowly kill innocent animals every year. Although some people believe animal testing is necessary, others firmly believe that the alternatives choices that have been discovered over the years are the way to go. Especially because these choices are cheaper, more reliable and do not harm animals. This essay looks into the pros and cons of animalRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1725 Words   |  7 PagesEach year, more than 100 million animals are experimented on in U.S. laboratories. These experiments are for things such as biology lessons, medical training, curiosity -driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.(Procon writers) Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. Animal testing is controversial and people findRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing826 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal testing, although extremely debated, is something that should no longer be practiced anywhere around the world. Let’s start by taking a look at just how much animal testing is practiced in the United States as well as in other countries. The article called, â€Å"Animal Use Statistics† from the Humane Society International, says, â€Å"Only a small proportion of countries collect and publish data concerning their use of animals for testing and research, but it is estimated that more than 115 millionRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing905 Words   |  4 PagesAni mal testing has been the target of animal cruelty groups since the beginning of its existence, but the benefits it provides, humans and animals far greater than the type of method that is used to get the results. Scientists Karl Landsteiner’s success in finding a cure to polio is an example of how the benefits of animal testing helped better future human lives. In his experiments he discovered that Polio viruses had three variations, meaning that they would have to produce a product that couldRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthat animal testing is beneficial to the advancement of human knowledge, while animal rights’ activists claim that animal testing is not humane and violates animals’ rights. The controversy over animal testing is best understood as a disagreement about whether animal testing is beneficial to humans. Each year more than 100 million animals are killed in the U.S. Every country has a law that permits med ical experimentation on animals. While some countries protect particular kinds of animals from

Analysis Of The Documentary The Square - 939 Words

To begin, the documentary â€Å"The Square† provided in depth insight on the protestors’ lives and their journeys through Egypt presidents’ problematic rise of power. During the beginning of the documentary, Ahmed Hassan, Magdy Ashour, Khalid Abdalla and Ramy Essam as well as various protestors are followed throughout the demonstrations to show viewers the atrocities that Egypt underwent in 2011 and the years following. As well, the documentary provides different points of views by interviewing military officials and people in higher political power. Not only did the documentary provide insight in the revolution but, it provided an insight on Egypt’s culture and society through the views of Christian and Muslim followers. In the beginning of the documentary, viewers are introduced to Ahmed and Magdy who come from different political ideologies although with the same purpose. Throughout the documentary, Magdy shows his religious affiliation to the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt and the significance that it is for him to be Muslim. Yet, for Ahmed and other participants in the revolution, religion is not considered an important factor for their interests to remove then president Mubarak is their primary goal. During the first revolution against Mubarak’s regime, the documentary provided an amazing view of the Egyptian community uniting as one country to benefit all of society. At that moment, Ahmed and Magdy talk to each other about the importance that the revolution has played inShow MoreRelatedProject Management Body Of Knowledge1656 Words   |  7 Pages Brett Salathiel Z5077339 ZEIT8303 Project Management Body of Knowledge - Resource 1006 - Federation Square â€Å"Inside The Square.† Commissioned 01 May 2003 by ABC TV Documentaries Australian Broadcasting Corporation GPO Box 9994 Lecturer: Mr Greg Hammond 24/03/2015 â€Æ' Executive Summary This task examines the ABC case study â€Å"Inside The Square†. The primary objective of the report was to analyses the application of project management body of knowledge (PMBOK) in complexRead MoreBourdieu Marx And Durkheim, Political Economy With Cultural Studies Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagescultural studies. He distinguishes cultural production from other economic manufactory field using the interlocking conceptual tools of field, habitus and capital. The conceptual categories Bourdieu brought to cultural analysis have since shaped the study of what I find valuable to my analysis. Bourdieu described media, art, academic settings, and various areas of intellectual production, as fields that appear to be autonomous. However, he showed that this autonomy was only apparent and would change accordingRead MoreThe Importance Of Pre Project Planning On The Delivery Process And Its Potential Impact On Project Success1048 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment of the State of Victoria to develop an exciting public community square with its intentions to commemorate the 2001 centennial of the Australian Federation (Misiak 2003). Besides its derivation purpose, it was also aimed to create an iconic landmark and to boost Melbourne’s status in the global community. Soon after the announcement, an international design competition was conducted for the development of the Federation Square. Of the 177 entries, a joint venture formed by London-based Lab architectureRead MoreWhat Are The Determinants Of The Effectiveness Of Governance Networks In Beijing?748 Words   |  3 Pagesinvestigated the determinants of the effectiveness of governance networks in Beijing with each network consisting of public, business, and civic organization. The author used mixed-methods of linear regression and the fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to identify statistical significant of independent variables and to investigate the complex interactions between explanatory variables. The result of this article suggested that network density is more important than network centralizationRead MoreAnthropogenic Global Warming1356 Words   |  6 Pagesdata for a carbon dioxide survey. Al Gore would later state that this was the foundation for all of his work. Mr. Gore would then go on to win the noble peace prize in 2007 for his work on a documentary called the inconvenient truth. The film would also win the prestigious academy award for best documentary film (2007). Mr. Al Gore was also the winner of the Roger Reveille Award 03/06/09. The United Nations also plays a significant role for supporting the belief that manmade global warmingRead MoreThe Mobile Payment Marketplace : Goat Rodeo1580 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunity shop at different places. Apple Pay is able to offer security and privacy to consumers through its elaborate system. Apple revues from Apple Pay by charging a .15% fee to credit card and to not the merchant. Competitors like PayPal and Square offer more alternative mobile payments systems than Apple Pay. Even through Apple Pay may have some drawbacks, like all things, Apple is a company will continue to produce new technology that will gain future consumers. Question 1 What is theRead MoreNegative Effects Of Factory Farming1684 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States, more than 260 million acres of forest have been cleared to grow crops to feed animals raised for meat. An acre of trees disappears every eight seconds. Tropical rainforests are also being cut to create grazing land for cattle. Fifty-five square feet of rainforest may be destroyed to produce just one quarter-pound burger. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, the leading greenhouse gas, this significant loss of forest contributes to global warming as well.Soil erosion is also mostly due to theRead MoreUnderstanding the Compostion of Planet Earth1366 Words   |  6 Pagesnot have, we have furthered the understanding of our planet’s core, which has led to a greater understanding of the entire workings of our planet. BBC’s The Core is a documentary that helps deliver that understanding of the core to the public so that they may understand what is happening with the worl d below its people. The documentary begins with more mysterious information, discussing problems that NASA had with the Hubble telescope on an almost daily basis. In February of 1997, once a day, the HubbleRead MoreQuestions On The Spratly Islands Dispute1285 Words   |  6 Pagesmost sound and diplomatic solution to the dispute that has been going on for decades. I. Background of the study â€Å"The Spratly islands in the South China Sea are composed of more than hundreds of islets sparse over 360 thousand square miles, mostly made up of coral reefs, rocks, sand banks, shoal, sea mounts, atolls and cays located 650 km from Vietnam, 1000 km from China’s Hainan island, 250 km from the Sabah Coast of Malaysia and 100 km west of the Philippines’ Palawan IslandRead MoreCost Accounting : Cost Audit Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesMEANING OF COST AUDIT Cost audit is basically the analysis of cost accounts and also checking on the efficiency of cost accounts and to ensure that these accounts are matching the predetermined cost accounting plans. It also determines the accuracy of the cost accounts. They also ensure that the accounts conform to the principles, plans, procedures and objectives. It shows the deviation in plans. It is also known as efficiency audit as it checks the efficiency of working of predetermined plans. It

International Monetary Fund Essay Example For Students

International Monetary Fund Essay IMF(IMF)The international monetary fund or IMF, basically promotes international monetary harmony to simplify the expansion of international trade. In a more detailed view, it advocates global monetary understanding, monitors the exchange rate and financial policies of member nations, and provides credit for member countries that are experiencing a temporary unbalance of payments. Contrary to popular belief, It is not a world central bank which exists to help the economic development of poor, undeveloped countries, nor does it have any authority over its members domestic policies and regulations. It is a mutual establishment with voluntarily membership that enables its members to benefit from consultations with each other. This provides a stable environment for exchanging payments smoothly and quickly. Thus, the IMF greatly increases international trade, which, in effect, expands the world economy. How does this system work? Established by the United Nations at a conference held in 1944 at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, the IMF seeks monetary stability. At that time, because of all the recessions and the Great depression, people all over the world were demanding gold, instead of the national currency, beyond what national treasuries could supply. Therefore, many nations were coerced into abandoning the gold standard, which had given money a known and stable value. Now that countries could not depend on the steady value of gold, exchanging money became very difficult between the nations using gold and those that did not. These complications caused many of these nations to sell their products at a cheaper rate (way below its realistic value) just to undermine the trade of other nations selling the same products. There wasnt a high demand for foreign currencies that werent backed by gold; governments werent willing to take the chance on foreign currency and its current rates. This global turmoil caused the UN to create the IMF to help regulate the International trade. From the headquarters in Washington D.C., membership is open to all independent countries with a current membership of 181 nations. On joining the fund, members are assigned a quota (a sort of membership fee) in special drawing rights or SDR, the funds unit of account whose value is based on the average value of five major currencies. Each members quota relates to their position in the global economy. Thus, the United States, as the leading economy, has a quota of about 27 billion dollars and gets 265,000 votes. Similar to the Stock Market, the amount of these quotas determine how many votes, or how much influence it will have in IMF decisions and deliberations. These quotas also establish how much the contributing member can borrow, should they be in a time of need. Hence, if a member has temporary balance of payment difficulties it applies to the fund, and will most likely receive the much-needed currency from the IMFs pool of resources, from which it will have to pay back. Daily o perations are the responsibility of a 24-member executive board, which represent member nations. But the main power goes to the Board of Governors, one from each member, and an equal number of alternate Governors. The IMF has a staff of 2,200, headed by a managing director, who is chairman of the executive board. These staff members are international civil servants and are in charge of carrying out IMF policies. Though, it is important to note that the IMFs main goal and purpose is to create an overly simple international trade by the exchange of foreign currencies. Currencies have a value in terms of other currencies and what others are willing to pay for it (demand). The International Monetary Fund has effectively eliminated the restrictions on buying and selling national currencies by keeping members overly informed of each nations current value of its monetary unit. The IMF is also a research guide that calculates national outputs and how large or small a nations economy is, for all members to view. Many countries who lack personal finance and central banking turn to the IMF for assistance in solving financial and domestic or international economic problems. .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26 , .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26 .postImageUrl , .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26 , .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26:hover , .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26:visited , .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26:active { border:0!important; } .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26:active , .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26 .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u948d589b6d769f5f9429bd85f3e64b26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Baseball Salaries EssayBy promoting trade between foreign nations, the IMF intensely increases the ever-expanding global economy. All nations depend on trade, because they are all faced with one major economic problem: scarcity, the concept of unlimited wants and limited resources. For the most part, peoples desires for things are greater than their ability to make them. This is basically what the study of economics is all about, to diminish the scarcity citizens are faced with on a daily basis. For instance, because of North Americas climate, the United States can not naturally produce coffee beans. Therefore, Americans must trade with foreign countries, in this case Colu mbia, to gain this product. This is where the IMF comes in. By simplifying the conditions of trade and minimizing the exchange risk, the US and Columbia can now trade at a faster flow and with larger quantities. Thus, it reduces the scarcity of coffee beans, which will lower the prices for the consumers and enables the economies in both countries to expand. The other aspect of the IMF is to help its member countries with payment problems. If a member can not take in enough currency from what it buys from other nations, The IMF supplies and helps stabilize and control the exchange value of the members currency. This country borrows the funds money at a below-the-market interest rate, which goes to the nation whose currency is being used. This is very important because the world is so intertwined that if one region crumbles, everyone seems to suffer. This part of the IMF is essentially a global rescue package. Currently, the IMF is concentrating on Asia, especially South Korea, where the U.S. and Japan are giving 10 billion dollars each (through the IMF). By loaning this money, the IMF has not only helped South Korea but also it has helped the world economy continue its prosperity. The US is now, more than ever, dependent on the international situation. This loaning out of money is not because of the generosity of the Americans, but because they need other nations for trade and stability. Just recently, the Dow Jones average took a drastic plunge because of an Asian stock market crash. Investors worldwide are looking more and more at the global position, which will affect whether or not they will invest in stocks. Recently, a controversial debate in Congress raises the question of whether taxpayer money should go to the increasing contributions to the IMF. However, without this much needed assistance from the IMF, the Asian crisis will worsen with eventual negative consequences for the U.S. economy because these Asian countries will not be able to buy American goods or must cut prices so that American firms would find it hard to compete in international markets. Also, this financial affliction of Asian countries can harm U.S. security interests in Asia, claims Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright. Therefore, this policy of helping out member countries, especially by the United States, is greatly appreciated and needed by many unstable countries. By overseeing the international monetary system, the International Monetary Fund creates a more sturdy and prosperous world economy. The IMF assists countries with economic problems and consults its members on improving economic policies. By improving the exchange rates between nations, the IMF promotes a sturdy and healthy universal trade. Therefore, The International Monetary Fund is the necessary tool that helps the global economy continue into the future.

Drawing The Color Line Essay Example For Students

Drawing The Color Line Essay A complex series of events drove English American settlers to acquire African slaves. Desperate for labor in order to grow food for colonists became overwhelming. This especially pertained to Virginia colonists during starving time when settlers, crazed for food could be driven to dig up Corpses or roam the woods all in search for food (peg. 23). The number of indentured servants was dwindling during, making another source Of manual labor vital to the survival Of the colony. Indians were ineffective slaves since they were defiant, resourceful, tough and familiar With the land (peg. 24). The colonists frustration at their own incompetence while people they thought of as savages took care of themselves could have made them especially susceptible to beckoning the masters of slaves. Black slaves had been used previously by various European countries for years so the concept wasnt inconceivable. Furthermore, unlike Native Americans, these slaves were far from their cultures and the land was unfamiliar (peg. ). The conditions in which slaves were transported may have left black slaves in a state of helplessness, especially in the face of a superior force (peg. 26). Black slaves that were captured and sent to different countries on slave ships were chained together with a limited supply of oxygen, choking on the stench of their own excrement and sometimes killing in a desperate attempt to breathe (peg. 26). Under these conditions, black slaves must have been pu t in a state of psychic ND physical vulnerability. One out of every three black slaves survived (peg. 26), the transportation, however, the profits made these setbacks worthwhile for the slave trader (peg. 27) . Slavery in the south avgas much more severe than in the north because the south relied on manual labor for their plantations whereas the north focused more on manufacturing. Also, religiously, the two regions differed greatly. The north centered their entire culture on religion, and the south had no religious obligations.

What Is A Procurement Assistance Award?

What Is A Procurement Assistance Award?A Procurement Assistance Award or PAA is a Performance Based Appraisal that companies can use for analyzing their employees to determine whether or not they are doing a good job. If you look at the full citation on the website, you will see that this is essentially a PAA style exam. The key difference between the two is that, the PAA will only evaluate your own performance and not the performance of your employees.The PAA is a simple Exam that the employee will be given to take at the beginning of the month to review their performance. If they do not pass it, then they will have to wait until the next month to go back and retake it. During the exam the employee will have to answer many questions that are based on his or her performance. The questions will not be asked specifically, but rather on a specific area of work.There are three areas that the PAA will analyze. First is how well the employee performs in the current job, next is their perfo rmance in the job they currently have and lastly is how well they perform in the job they have applied for in the past. These three questions will be used to determine if the employee is performing up to par or if they are deserving of a raise or a promotion.This exam is divided into three sections, each one is similar to a typical writing assignment. The first section of the test will require the employee to write a brief paragraph describing their work. The questions in this section will be based on the information provided by the applicant.The second section of the essay will have to do with the current job the employee is currently working at. The first question in this section will be one that has a direct correlation to the job they are applying for.The third section of the essay will involve how the employee compares to other employees of the company, as well as how well they can perform under pressure. If the answers to any of these questions are not satisfactory then the em ployee will have to answer the questions again. They must be able to answer the questions in a way that will give the human resources department an indication of whether or not the employee is performing at a satisfactory level.Since the testing of the employee's uses are completed by the PAA, the PAA is basically a free-form, though it is called a test, it is more like a psychological evaluation. In my opinion, though it is a formal exam, it is important that a person take a moment to think about what they would like to say during it. This is usually done during the discussion portion of the exam.

The Anxiety Caused When A Mistake Is Realized Essays -

The Anxiety Caused When A Mistake Is Realized Sigmund Freud believed himself to be a scientist. He believed that he was not a philosopher, just a scientific thinker. Freud carefully thought everything through and always backed up his views. Before any idea went into print, Freud worked hard to make sure that he covered his theories from all angles and that he himself could not disprove one of his theories. As a scientist, Sigmund believed that he must continue to test his theories. While continuing to investigate the workings on the human mind, Freud realized that his views of anxiety tended to contradict each other. In Freud's later years he takes the flipside of his initial view on anxiety. Why does this happen? Well, it is a complicated process in which the complete reversal of ideas seems to shock even Freud. In Freud's book The Interpretation of Dreams, he comes to the conclusion that anxiety arises from forced repression. It is perfectly true that unconscious wishes always remain active. They represent paths which can always be traversed?Indeed it is a prominent feature of unconscious processes that they are indestructible. Since wishes remain active, Freud thought that repression of certain wishes in the id by the superego results in a level of nervousness and indecision in the ego, called anxiety. He believed that since the wish was being repressed, it fought harder to come to the surface causing an internal struggle, which heightened sensitivity to danger. However this early work on the source of anxiety was accomplished using only anxiety-dreams and seems rushed when compared to other topics in The Interpretation of Dreams. It becomes obvious that Freud rushed his initial thoughts on anxiety in his first book, when one reads Inhibitions, Symptoms, and Anxiety, one of Freud's later works. The book is full of new ideas, thoughts and research. Freud begins this book by delving into the source of neurotic symptoms. He says that symptoms are: a sign of, and a substitute for, an instinctual satisfaction which has remained in abeyance; its is a consequence of the process of repression. Repression proceeds from the ego when the ego [which has been swayed by the superego] refuses to associate itself with an instinctual cathexis which has been aroused in the id. In order to understand this, one must first have knowledge of the id, ego, and superego. Briefly, the id is the human instinct; it is self-centered and seeks complete and instant gratification at any expense. The superego begins to develop later in life (5-8years of age) and is influenced by society. Think of the superego as your conscience. Society and the person create right and wrong. So, it might be said that, the superego is a person's moral character. That leaves the ego, which is the mediator of arguments, in the form of impulses and wishes, from the id and superego. It is responsible for a person's actions. It has the ability to choose which impulses from the id are satisfied. The superego can communicate why a certain action could be harmful to oneself or other people, and the ego must choose if satisfying the wish of the id is worth the risk. Coming back to the previous quote, Freud believes that symptoms arise when the ego decides not to allow correct satisfaction of an im pulse from the id. However, since the ego realizes that something must be done to stop the impulse, it creates a symptom, which indirectly satiates the id. While this seems to work in the short term, problems eventually arise as the id realizes it has been fooled. An example of this process begins with idea of an Oedipus Complex. This is a strong sexual attraction towards one's own mother during early childhood. Freud explains this process by use of a phobia of 'Little Hans'. The young lad had an overwhelming fear of horses, especially horse-bites. Freud relates this fear to a fear of castration by the father. Freud believes that since 'Little Hans' is attracted to his mother, he resents his father and the power associated with his father. However, the boy cannot truly resent his father, without out causing more pain, because of the closeness in the

Why You Should Never Take a Job Below Your Skill Level

Why You Should Never Take a Job Below Your Skill Level Many often find themselves considering jobs below their skill level in tough employment markets. Faced with ongoing unemployment, or the option of part-time or temporary work, one might think that taking a full-time job, regardless of whether it falls below your level of qualifications, is the best option. But it turns out that there is scientific proof that working in a job below your skill level harms your later chances of getting hired for a better-paying job more appropriate to your qualifications. Sociologist David Pedulla at  The University of Texas at Austin examined the question of how  part-time jobs, temporary jobs, and jobs below a persons skill level affect future employability. Specifically, he wondered how this employment variable would influence whether applicants received a callback (via phone or email) from a prospective employer. Pedulla also wondered whether gender might interact with the employment variable to influence the outcome. To examine these questions Pedulla conducted a now fairly common experimenthe created fake resumes and submitted them to firms that were hiring. He submitted 2,420 fake  applications to 1,210 job listings posted in five major cities across the U.S.New  York City, Atlanta, Chicago, Los  Angeles, and Bostonand advertised on a major national job-posting website. Pedulla constructed the study to examine four different kinds of jobs, including  sales, accounting/bookkeeping,  project management/management, and  administrative/clerical positions. He tailored the fake resumes and applications so that each demonstrated a six-year history of employment and professional experience relevant to the occupation. In order to address his research questions, he varied the applications by gender, and also by employment status for the previous year. Some applicants were listed as having been employed full-time, while others listed part-time or temporary work, working in a job below the appl icants skill level, and others were unemployed for the year prior to the current application. The careful construction and execution of this study allowed Pedulla to find clear, compelling, and statistically significant results that show that  applicants who were positioned as working below their skill level, regardless of gender, received only half as many callbacks as those who were working in full-time jobs the previous yeara callback rate of just five percent compared to a little more than ten percent (also regardless of gender). The study also revealed that while part-time employment did not negatively affect the employability of women, it did for men, resulting in a callback rate of less than five percent. Being unemployed in the previous year had a modestly negative impact on women, reducing the callback rate to 7.5 percent, and was much more negative for men, who were called back at a rate of just 4.2 percent. Pedulla found that temporary work did not affect the callback rate. In the study,  published in the April 2016  issue of  American Sociological Review  as  Penalized or Protected? Gender and the Consequences of Nonstandard and Mismatched Employment Histories,  Pedulla remarked, ...these results indicate that part-time work and skills underutilization are as scarring for male workers as a year of unemployment. These results should serve as a cautionary tale to anyone considering taking a job bellow their skill level. While it might pay the bills in the short-term, it can significantly hamper ones ability to return to the relevant skill-level and pay grade at a later date. Doing so literally cuts in half your chances of getting called for an interview. Why might this be the case? Pedulla conducted a follow-up survey with 903 people in charge of hiring at a variety of companies across the nation in order to find out. He asked them  about their perceptions of applicants with each kind of employment history, and how likely they would be to recommend each kind of candidate to an interview. The results show that employers believe that men who are employed part-time or in positions below their skill level are less committed and less competent than men in other employment situations. Those surveyed also believed that women working below their skill level were less competent than others, but did not believe them to be less committed. Couched in the valuable insights offered by the findings of this study is a reminder of the troubling ways in which gender stereotypes shape perceptions and expectations of people in the workplace. Because part-time work is considered normal for women  it has a feminine connotation, even though it is increasingly common for all people under advanced capitalism. The results of this study, which show that men are penalized for part-time work when women are not, suggest that part-time work signals a failure of masculinity among men, signaling to employers incompetence and a lack of commitment. This is a disturbing reminder that the sword of gender bias does in fact cut both ways.

Managing change implementation for B&B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing change implementation for B&B - Essay Example There are competitive advantages that benchmarking provides, alongside setting a company on a path to growth and industry success. To initiate a change that would enable Kynance House to provide meaningful competition to industry giants like Imperial Plymouth Guesthouse, benchmarking will involve looking into the aspects of the business in which the latter excels. Imperial Plymouth Guesthouse is first of all situated in a strategic place just outside the city centre, and also near tourist attractions. Business location is important and determines performance in many cases, but that shouldn’t worry Kynance House much to the point of wanting to relocate to a different location. It would be one of the costliest moves. What Kynance needs to do is to observe Imperial guesthouse in terms of how it carries out business and its prioritized investments. It really wouldn’t be necessary to adopt every single practice observed at Imperial Plymouth Guesthouse. The greatest benefit that Kynance House should derive from benchmarking with Imperial Plymouth Guesthouse is to learn the art of the business. It gives a picture of how to best conduct the business. Kynance should then decide if it wants to better those practices or pursue them as they are. To initiate a change to would make Kynance House competitive alongside B & B industry giants such as Imperial Plymouth, the management should recognize the fact that money must be spent to get more money. Some of the practices at Imperial Plymouth Guesthouse are cost-effective; quite a sum of money would be spent to get some of the structures in place. Initial spending, however big, would be an obligation, not a choice. Customer’s complaints revolve around some of the things Imperial Plymouth excels in. The management must make all the necessary adjustments if it needs to maintain customers and attract

Balanced Scorecard for Banagas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Balanced Scorecard for Banagas - Essay Example From this report it is clear that  Balanced Scorecard was created in 1992 by Robert S. Kaplan and David Norton. It is a method for measuring a company's activities in terms of its vision and strategies giving managers a comprehensive view of the performance of a business. Generally, Balanced Scorecard can be characterized as a strategic management system that forces managers to focus on the important performance metrics that drive success. It balances a financial perspective with customer, internal process, and learning & growth perspective.As the report highlights Balanced Scorecard from a financial perspective measures reflecting financial performance, for example number of debtors, cash flow or return on investment. The financial performance of an organization is fundamental to its success. It should be noticed that the financial perspective of Balanced Scorecard usually refers to the estimation and evaluation of the figures revealed in the company’s accounts (trying to l ocate the firm’s current performance) as they can analyzed and presented using the common financial analysis practices.  From a Business Process Perspective, Balanced Scorecard measures the reflection of the performance of key business processes, for example the time spent prospecting, number of units that required rework or process cost.  The evaluation of the firm’s strategy and aims – as part of the specific area of Balanced Scorecard analysis and implementation – has to be regarded as a challenging task.

Google Inc. is an American multinational corporation Essay Example for Free

Google Inc. is an American multinational corporation Essay These include search, cloud computing, software, and online advertising technologies. Most of its profits are derived from AdWords. Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University. Together they own about 16 percent of its shares. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering followed on August 19, 2004. Its mission statement from the outset was to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful, and its unofficial slogan was Dont be evil. In 2006 Google moved to headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex. Rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions and partnerships beyond Googles core search engine. It offers online productivity software including email, an office suite, and social networking . Desktop products include applications for web browsing, organizing and editing photos, and instant messaging. The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system and the browser-only Chrome OS for a netbook known as a Chromebook. Google has moved increasingly into communications hardware: it partners with major electronics manufacturers in production of its high-end Nexus devices and acquired Motorola Mobility in May 2012. In 2012, a fiber-optic infrastructure was installed in Kansas City to facilitate a Google Fiber broadband service. The corporation has been estimated to run more than one million servers in data centers around the world and to process over one billion search requests and about 24 petabytes of user-generated data each day. In December 2012 Alexa listed google.com as the most visited website in the world. Numerous Google sites in other languages figure in the top one hundred, as do several other Google-owned sites such as YouTube and Blogger. Its market dominance has led to criticism over issues including copyright, censorship, and privacy. History Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford, California. While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a  better system that analyzed the relationships between websites. They called this new technology PageRank; it determined a websites relevance by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site. A small search engine called RankDex from IDD Information Services designed by Robin Li was, since 1996, already exploring a similar strategy for site-scoring and page ranking. The technology in RankDex would be patented and used later when Li founded Baidu in China. Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine BackRub, because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site. Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word googol, the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information. Originally, Google ran under Stanford Universitys website, with the domains google.stanford.edu and z.stanford.edu. The domain name for Google was registered on September 15, 1997, and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in a friends . In January 2013, Google announced it had earned $50 billion in annual revenue for the year of 2012. This marked the first time the company had reached this feat, topping their 2011 total of $38 billion. Financing and initial public offering The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given before Google was incorporated. Early in 1999, while graduate students, Brin and Page decided that the search engine they had developed was taking up too much time and distracting their academic pursuits. They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for $1 million. He rejected the offer and later criticized Vinod Khosla, one of Excites venture capitalists, after he negotiated Brin and Page down to $750,000. On June 7, 1999, a $25 million round of funding was announced, with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers and Sequoia Capital. The company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share. Shares were sold in an online auction format using a system built by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse, underwriters for the deal. The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion. The vast majority  of the 271 million shares remained under the control of Google, and many Google employees became instant paper millionaires. Yahoo!, a competitor of Google, also benefited because it owned 8.4 million shares of Google before the IPO took place. There were concerns that Googles IPO would lead to changes in company culture. Reasons ranged from shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions to the fact that many company executives would become instant paper millionaires. As a reply to this concern, co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised in a report to potential investors that the IPO would not change the companys culture. In 2005, articles in The New York Times and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy. In an effort to maintain the companys unique culture, Google designated a Chief Culture Officer, who also serves as the Director of Human Resources. The purpose of the Chief Culture Officer is to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on: a flat organization with a collaborative environment. Google has also faced allegations of sexism and ageism from former employees. The stock performed well after the IPO, with shares hitting $700 for the first time on October 31, 2007, primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market. The surge in stock price was fueled mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and mutual funds. The next year, against Page and Brins initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search engine, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords. When the company changed names to Overture Services, it sued Google over alleged infringements of the companys pay-per-click and bidding patents. Overture Services would later be bought by Yahoo! and renamed Yahoo! Search Marketing. The case was then settled out of court; Google agreed to issue shares of common stock to Yahoo! in exchange for a perpetual license. In 2001, Google received a patent for its PageRank mechanism. The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor. In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased an office complex from Silicon Graphics at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, California. The complex became known as the Googleplex, a play on the word googolplex, the number one followed by a googol zeroes. The Googleplex interiors were designed by Clive Wilkinson Architects. Three  years later, Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million. By that time, the name Google had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb google to be added to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denoted as to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet. 2013 onward Google announced the launch of a new company called Calico on September 19, 2013, which will be led by Apple chairman Arthur Levinson. In the official public statement, Page explained that the health and wellbeing company will focus on the challenge of ageing and associated diseases. As of September 2013, Google operates 70 offices in more than 40 countries. Google celebrated its 15-year anniversary on September 27, 2013, although it has used other dates for its official birthday. The reason for the choice of September 27 remains unclear, and a dispute with rival search engine Yahoo! Search in 2005 has been suggested as the cause. The Alliance for Affordable Internet was launched in October 2013 and Google is part of the coalition of public and private organisations that also includes Facebook, Intel and Microsoft. Led by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the A4AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable so that access is broadened in the developing world, where only 31% of people are online. Google will help to decrease internet access prices so that they fall below the UN Broadband Commissions worldwide target of 5% of monthly income. The corporations consolidated revenue for the third quarter of 2013 is reported in mid-October 2013 as US$14.89 billion, a 12 percent increase compared to the previous quarter. Googles Internet business was responsible for US$10.8 billion of this total, with an increase in the number of users clicks on advertisements. Acquisitions and partnerships Since 2001, Google has acquired many companies, primarily small venture capital-funded firms. In 2004, Google acquired Keyhole, Inc. The start-up company developed a product called Earth Viewer that gave a three-dimensional view of the Earth. Google renamed the service to Google Earth in 2005. Google acquired Urchin Software in April 2005, using their Urchin on Demand product to create Google Analytics in 2006. In October 2006, Google announced that it had acquired the video-sharing site YouTube  for US$1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13, 2006. Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTubes running costs, and YouTubes revenues in 2007 were noted as not material in a regulatory filing. In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected the 2008 YouTube revenue at US$200 million, noting progress in advertising sales. On April 13, 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick for $3.1 billion, giving Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies. Later that same year, Google purchased GrandCentral for $50 million. The site would later be changed over to Google Voice. On August 5, 2009, Google bought out its first public company, purchasing video software maker On2 Technologies for $106.5 million. Google also acquired Aardvark, a social network search engine, for $50 million, and commented on its internal blog, were looking forward to collaborating to see where we can take it. In April 2010, Google announced it had acquired a hardware startup, Agnilux. In addition to the many companies Google has purchased, the company has partnered with other organizations for research, advertising, and other activities. In 2005, Google partnered with NASA Ames Research Center to build of offices. The offices would be used for research projects involving large-scale data management, nanotechnology, distributed computing, and the entrepreneurial space industry. Google entered into a partnership with Sun Microsystems in October 2005 to help share and distribute each others technologies. The company also partnered with AOL to enhance each others video search services. Googles 2005 partnerships also included financing the new .mobi top-level domain for mobile devices, along with other companies including Microsoft, Nokia, and Ericsson. Google would later launch AdSense for Mobile, taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market. Increasing its advertising reach even further, Google and Fox Interactive Media of News Corporation entered into a $900 million agreement to provide search and advertising on the then-popular social networking site MySpace. In 2007, Google began sponsoring NORAD Tracks Santa, displacing former sponsor AOL. NORAD Tracks Santa purports to follow Santa Claus progress on Christmas Eve, using Google Earth to track Santa in 3-D for the first time. Google-owned YouTube gave NORAD Tracks Santa its own channel. In 2008, Google developed a partnership with GeoEye to launch a satellite providing  Google with high-resolution imagery for Google Earth. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on September 6, 2008. Google also announced in 2008 that it was hosting an archive of Life Magazines photographs. Some of the images in the archive were never published in the magazine. The photos were watermarked and originally had copyright notices posted on all photos, regardless of public domain status. In 2010, Google Energy made its first investment in a renewable energy project, putting $38.8 million into two wind farms in North Dakota. The company announced the two locations will generate 169.5 megawatts of power, enough to supply 55,000 homes. The farms, which were developed by NextEra Energy Resources, will reduce fossil fuel use in the region and return profits. NextEra Energy Resources sold Google a twenty-percent stake in the project to get funding for its development. In February 2010, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FERC granted Google an authorization to buy and sell energy at market rates. The order specifically states that Google Energy—a subsidiary of Google—holds the rights for the sale of energy, capacity, and ancillary services at market-based rates, but acknowledges that neither Google Energy nor its affiliates own or control any generation or transmission facilities. The corporation exercised this authorization in September 2013 when it announced that it will purchase all of the electricity produced by the not-yet-built 240-megawatt Happy Hereford wind farm. Also in 2010, Google purchased Global IP Solutions, a Norway-based company that provides web-based teleconferencing and other related services. This acquisition enabled Google to add telephone-style services to its list of products. On May 27, 2010, Google announced it had also closed the acquisition of the mobile ad network AdMob. This occurred days after the Federal Trade Commission closed its investigation into the purchase. Google acquired the company for an undisclosed amount. In July 2010, Google signed an agreement with an Iowa wind farm to buy 114 megawatts of energy for 20 years. On April 4, 2011, The Globe and Mail reported that Google bid $900 million for six thousand Nortel Networks patents. On August 15, 2011, Google made its largest-ever acquisition to-date when announced that it would acquire Motorola Mobility for $12.5 billion subject to approval from regulators in the United States and Europe. In a post on Googles blog, Google Chief Executive and co-founder Larry Page revealed that the acquisition was a  strategic move to strengthen Googles patent portfolio. The companys Android operating system has come under fire in an industry-wide patent battle, as Apple and Microsoft have sued Android device makers such as HTC, Samsung, and Motorola. The merger was completed on the May 22, 2012, after the approval of Peoples Republic of China. This purchase was made in part to help Google gain Motorolas considerable patent portfolio on mobile phones and wireless technologies to help protect it in its ongoing patent disputes with other companies, mainly Apple and Microsoft After the acquisition closed, Google began to restructure the Motorola business to fit Googles strategy. On August 13, 2012, Google announced plans to layoff 4000 Motorola Mobility employees. On December 10, 2012, Google sold the manufacturing operations of Motorola Mobility to Flextronics for $75 million. As a part of the agreement, Flextronics will manufacture undisclosed Android and other mobile devices. On December 19, 2012, Google sold the Motorola Home business division of Motorola Mobility to Arris Group for $2.35 billion in a cash-and-stock transaction. As a part of this deal, Google acquired a 15.7% stake in Arris Group valued at $300 million. On June 5, 2012, Google announced it acquired Quickoffice, a company widely known for their mobile productivity suite for both iOS and Android. Google plans to integrate Quickoffices technology into its own product suite. On February 6, 2013, Google announced it had acquired Channel Intelligence for $125 million. Channel Intelligence, a technology company that helps customers buy products online, is active globally in 31 different countries and works with over 850 retailers. Google will use this technology to enhance its e-commerce business. The official confirmation of Googles acquisition of the Israel-based startup Waze occurred in June 2013. Waze is promoted as a community-based traffic and navigation app. Following the acquisition of Waze, Google submitted a 10-Q filing with the Securities Exchange Commission that revealed that the corporation spent US$1.3 billion on acquisitions during the first half of 2013. The filing also revealed that the Waze acquisition cost Google US$966 million, instead of the US$1.1 billion figure that was initially presented in media sources. The 2012 acquisition of WIMM Labs, a company that previously made an Android-powered smartwatch, was confirmed in August 2013. As of August 31, 2013, Google has not publicly commented on the news concerning WIMM Labs. The acquisition of  Flutter, a creator of hand gesture recognition technology, was confirmed by the corporation in early October 2013. The reported price is US$40 million and Google spokesperson stated: Were really impressed by the Flutter teams ability to design new technology based on cutting-edge research. Flutters technology allows users to enact hand gestures to control navigation for apps such as iTunes, Windows Media Player, and Winamp. Google data centers As of 2011, Google Inc. owned and operated six data centers across the U.S., plus one in Finland and another in Belgium. On September 28, 2011, the company announced plans to build three data centers at a cost of more than $200 million in Asia and purchased the land for them. Google said they will be operational within two years. Products and services Advertising For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported $10.492 billion in total advertising revenues and only $112 million in licensing and other revenues. In 2011, 96% of Googles revenue was derived from its advertising programs. Using technology from the company DoubleClick, Google can determine user interests and target advertisements so they are relevant to their context and the user that is viewing them. Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their website, for example by examining click rates for all the links on a page. Google advertisements can be placed on third-party websites in a two-part program. Googles AdWords allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the Google content network, through either a cost-per-click or cost-per-view scheme. The sister service, Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website and earn money every time ads are clicked. One of the criticisms of this program is the possibility of click fraud, which occurs when a person or automated script clicks on advertisements without being interested in the product, causing the advertiser to pay money to Google unduly. Industry reports in 2006 claimed that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were fraudulent or invalid. In February 2003, Google stopped showing the advertisements of Oceana, a non-profit organization protesting a major cruise ships sewage treatment practices. Google cited its editorialpolicy at the time, stating Google does not accept advertising if the ad or site advocates against other individuals, groups, or organizations. The policy was later changed. In June 2008, Google reached an advertising agreement with Yahoo!, which would have allowed Yahoo! to feature Google advertisements on its web pages. The alliance between the two companies was never completely realized because of antitrust concerns by the U.S. Department of Justice. As a result, Google pulled out of the deal in November 2008. In an attempt to advertise its own products, Google launched a website called Demo Slam, developed to demonstrate technology demos of Google Products. Search engine According to market research published by comScore in November 2009, Google Search is the dominant search engine in the United States market, with a market share of 65.6%. Google indexes billions of web pages, so that users can search for the information they desire through the use of keywords and operators. In 2003, The New York Times complained about Googles indexing, claiming that Googles caching of content on its site infringed its copyright for the content. In this case, the United States District Court of Nevada ruled in favor of Google in Field v. Google and Parker v. Google. The publication 2600: The Hacker Quarterly has compiled a list of words that the web giants new instant search feature will not search. Google Watch has criticized Googles PageRank algorithms, saying that they discriminate against new websites and favor established sites. The site has also alleged that there are connections between Google and the National Security Agency and the Central Intelligence Agency. Google also hosts Google Books. The company began scanning books and uploading limited previews, and full books where allowed, into its new book search engine. The Authors Guild, a group that represents 8,000 U.S. authors, filed a class action suit in a New York City federal court against Google in 2005 over this service. Google replied that it is in compliance with all existing and historical applications of copyright laws regarding books. Google eventually reached a revised settlement in 2009 to limit its scans to books from the U.S., the UK, Australia, and Canada. Furthermore, the Paris Civil Court ruled against Google in late 2009, asking it to remove the works of La Martinià ¨re from its database. In competition with Amazon.com, Google sells digital versions  of new books. On July 21, 2010, in response to Bing, Google updated its image search to display a streaming sequence of thumbnails that enlarge when pointed at. Though web searches still appear in a batch per page format, on July 23, 2010, dictionary definitions for certain English words began appearing above the linked results for web searches. The Hummingbird update to the Google search engine was announced in September 2013. The update was introduced over the month prior to the announcement and allows users ask the search engine a question in natural language rather than entering keywords into the search box. Productivity tools Gmail, a free webmail service provided by Google, was launched as an invitation-only beta program on April 1, 2004, The service was upgraded from beta status on July 7, 2009, at which time it had 146 million users monthly. The service was the first online email service with one gigabyte of storage. It was also the first to keep emails from the same conversation together in one thread, similar to an Internet forum. The service offers over 15 GB of free storage, shared with other Google Apps, with additional storage ranging from 20 GB to 16 TB available for per 1 GB per year. Gmail uses AJAX, a programming technique that allows web pages to be interactive without refreshing the browser. Steve Ballmer, Liz Figueroa, Mark Rasch, and the editors of Google Watch have criticised the privacy of Gmail, but Google claims that mail sent to or from Gmail is never read by a human being beyond the account holder and is only used to improve relevance of advertisements. In 2004, Google started opensource software project hosting, called Google Code, which allows developers to download incomplete programs at no charge. Google Docs, another part of Googles productivity suite, allows users to create, edit, and collaborate on documents in an online environment, similar to Microsoft Word. The service was originally called Writely, but was obtained by Google on March 9, 2006, and was released as an invitation-only preview. On June 6 after the acquisition, Google created an experimental spreadsheet editing program, which was combined with Google Docs on October 10. Enterprise products Google Search Appliance was launched in February 2002, targeted toward providing search technology for larger organizations. Google Apps allows  organizations to bring Googles web application offerings, such as Gmail and Google Docs, into their own domains. The service is available in several editions: a basic free edition, Google Apps for Business, Google Apps for Education, and Google Apps for Government. In the same year Google Apps was launched, Google acquired Postini and proceeded to integrate the companys security technologies into Google Apps under the name Google Postini Services. Other products Google Translate is a server-side machine translation service, which can translate between 35 different languages. The software uses corpus linguistics techniques, where the program learns from professionally translated documents, specifically UN and European Parliament proceedings. Google launched its Google News service in 2002, an automated service which summarizes news articles from various websites. In March 2005, Agence France Presse sued Google for copyright infringement in federal court in the District of Columbia, a case which Google settled for an undisclosed amount in a pact that included a license of the full text of AFP articles for use on Google News. In 2006, Google made a bid to offer free wireless broadband access throughout the city of San Francisco along with Internet service provider EarthLink. Large telecommunications companies such as Comcast and Verizon opposed the efforts, claiming it was unfair competition and that cities would be violating their commitments to offer local monopolies to these companies. In his testimony before Congress on network neutrality in 2006, Googles Chief Internet Evangelist Vint Cerf blamed the tactics on the fact that nearly half of all consumers lack choice in broadband providers. Google currently offers free wi-fi access in its hometown of Mountain View, California. In 2010, Google announced the Google Fiber project with plans to build an ultra-high-speed broadband network for 50,000 to 500,000 customers in one or more American cities. On March 30, 2011, Google announced that Kansas City, Kansas would be the first community where the new network would be deployed. In July 2012, Google completed the construction of a fiber-optic broadband internet network infrastructure in Kansas City, and after building an infrastructure, Google announced pricing for Google Fiber. The service will offer three options including a free broadband internet option, a 1Gbit/s internet option for $70 per month, and a version that  includes television service for $120 per month. The project, called Android, turned out not to be a phone but an operating system for mobile devices, which Google acquired and then released as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license. Google provides a software development kit for developers so applications can be created to be run on Android-based phones. In September 2008, T-Mobile released the G1, the first Android-based phone. On January 5, 2010, Google released an Android phone under its own company name called the Nexus One. A report in July 2013 stated that Googles share of the global smartphone market, led by Samsung products, was 64% in March 2013. Other projects Google has worked on include a new collaborative communication service, a web browser, and a mobile operating system. The first of these was first announced on May 27, 2009. The company described Google Wave as a product that helps users communicate and collaborate on the web. The service is Googles email redesigned, with realtime editing, the ability to embed audio, video, and other media, and extensions that further enhance the communication experience. Google Wave was initially in a developers preview, where interested users had to be invited to test the service, but was released to the general public on May 19, 2010, at Googles I/O keynote. On September 1, 2008, Google pre-announced the upcoming availability of Google Chrome, an open source web browser, which was then released on September 2, 2008. On July 7, 2009, Google announced Google Chrome OS, an open source Linux-based operating system that includes only a web browser and is designed to log users into their Google account. Google Goggles is a mobile application available on Android and iOS used for image recognition and non-text-based search. In addition to scanning QR codes, the app can recognize historic landmarks, import business cards, and solve Sudoku puzzles. While Goggles could originally identify people as well, Google has limited that functionality as a privacy protection. In 2011, Google announced Google Wallet, a mobile application for wireless payments. In late June 2011, Google soft-launched a social networking service called Google+. On July 14, 2011, Google announced that Google+ had reached 10 million users just two weeks after it was launched in this limited trial phase. After four weeks in operation, it reached 25 million users. At a launch event on July 24, 2013 in San Francisco, U.S., a newer version of the Nexus 7 Google tablet device was released to the public, alongside the  Chromecast dongle that allows users to stream YouTube and Netflix videos via smartphones. In 2013 Google launched Google Shopping Express, a delivery service initially available only in San Francisco and Silicon Valley. Moto X  Speaking at the D11 conference in Palos Verdes, U.S. in late May 2013, Motorola CEO Dennis Woodside, a former Google employee, announced that a new mobile device will be built by his company, which is wholly owned by Google, at a 500,000 square-feet facility in Texas, U.S. formerly used by the Nokia company. The facility will employ 2,000 people by August 2013 and the new phone, named the Moto X, will be available to the public in October 2013. The Moto X features Google Now software, and an array of sensors and two microprocessors that will mean that users can â€Å"interact with in very different ways than you can with other devices,† in the words of Woodside. Media reports suggest that the phone will be able to activate functions preemptively based on an awareness of what the user is doing at any given moment. Corporate affairs and culture On Fortune magazines list of best companies to work for, Google ranked first in 2007, 2008 and 2012 and fourth in 2009 and 2010. Google was also nominated in 2010 to be the worlds most attractive employer to graduating students in the Universum Communications talent attraction index. Googles corporate philosophy includes principles such as you can make money without doing evil, you can be serious without a suit, and work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun. Employees After the companys IPO, founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page and CEO Eric Schmidt requested that their base salary be cut to $1. Subsequent offers by the company to increase their salaries have been turned down, primarily because their main compensation continues to come from owning stock in Google. Before 2004, Schmidt made $250,000 per year, and Page and Brin each received an annual salary of $150,000. In 2007 and early 2008, several top executives left Google. In October 2007, former chief financial officer of YouTube Gideon Yu joined Facebook along with Benjamin Ling, a high-ranking engineer. In March 2008, Sheryl Sandberg, then vice-president of global online sales and operations, began her position as chief operating officer  of Facebook. At the same time, Ash ElDifrawi, formerly head of brand advertising, left to become chief marketing officer of Netshops. On April 4, 2011, Larry Page became CEO and Eric Schmidt became Executive Chairman of Google. In July 2012, Googles first female employee, Marissa Mayer, left Google to become Yahoo!s CEO. As a motivation technique, Google uses a policy often called Innovation Time Off, where Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20% of their work time on projects that interest them. Some of Googles newer services, such as Gmail, Google News, Orkut, and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors. In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Googles Vice President of Search Products and User Experience until July 2012, showed that half of all new product launches at the time had originated from the Innovation Time Off. Googleplex  Googles headquarters in Mountain View, California, is referred to as the Googleplex, a play on words on the number googolplex and the headquarters itself being a complex of buildings. The lobby is decorated with a piano, lava lamps, old server clusters, and a projection of search queries on the wall. The hallways are full of exercise balls and bicycles. Each employee has access to the corporate recreation center. Recreational amenities are scattered throughout the campus and include a workout room with weights and rowing machines, locker rooms, washers and dryers, a massage room, assorted video games, table football, a baby grand piano, a billiard table, and ping pong. In addition to the recreation room, there are snack rooms stocked with various foods and drinks, with special emphasis placed on nutrition. Free food is available to employees 24/7, with paid vending machines prorated favoring nutritional value. In 2006, Google moved into of office space in New York City, at 111 Eighth Avenue in Manhattan. The office was specially designed and built for Google and houses its largest advertising sales team, which has been instrumental in securing large partnerships. As of February 2012, a significant engineering team is based in New York City, and has been responsible for more than 100 engineering projects, including Google Maps, Google Spreadsheets. As of September 2013, Googles East Coast office is located at 76 Ninth Ave, New York City, New York. In November 2006, Google opened offices on Carnegie Mellons campus in Pittsburgh, focusing on shopping-related advertisement coding and smartphone applications and  programs. By late 2006, Google also established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Other office locations in the U.S. include Ann Arbor, Michigan; Atlanta, Georgia; Austin, Texas; Boulder, Colorado; Cambridge, Massachusetts; New York City; San Francisco, California; Seattle, Washington; Reston, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. Furthermore, Google has several international offices. In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of solar panels to provide up to 1.6 megawatts of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately 30% of the campus energy needs. The system will be the largest solar power system constructed on a U.S. corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world. The idea of trimming lawns using goats originated from R. J. Widlar, an engineer who worked for National Semiconductor. Google has faced accusations in Harpers Magazine of being an energy glutton. The company was accused of employing its Dont be evil motto and its public energy-saving campaigns to cover up or make up for the massive amounts of energy its servers require. Easter eggs and April Fools Day jokes Google has a tradition of creating April Fools Day jokes. On April 1, 2000, Google MentalPlex allegedly featured the use of mental power to search the web. In 2007, Google announced a free Internet service called TiSP, or Toilet Internet Service Provider, where one obtained a connection by flushing one end of a fiber-optic cable down their toilet. Also in 2007, Googles Gmail page displayed an announcement for Gmail Paper, allowing users to have email messages printed and shipped to them. In 2008, Google announced Gmail Custom time where users could change the time that the email was sent. In 2010, Google changed its company name to Topeka in honor of Topeka, Kansas, whose mayor changed the citys name to Google for a short amount of time in an attempt to sway Googles decision in its new Google Fiber Project. In 2011, Google announced Gmail Motion, an interactive way of controlling Gmail and the computer with body movements via the users webcam. Googles services contain easter eggs, such as the Swedish Chefs Bork bork bork, Pig Latin, Hacker or leetspeak, Elmer Fudd, Pirate, and Klingon as language selections for its search engine. The search engine calculator provides the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the  Universe, and Everything from Douglas Adams The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. When searching the word recursion, the spell-checkers result for the properly spelled word is exactly the same word, creating a recursive link. When searching for the word anagram, meaning a rearrangement of letters from one word to form other valid words, Googles suggestion feature displays Did you mean: nag a ram? In Google Maps, searching for directions between places separated by large bodies of water, such as Los Angeles and Tokyo, results in instructions to kayak across the Pacific Ocean. During FIFA World Cup 2010, search queries including World Cup and FIFA caused the Goooogle page indicator at the bottom of every result page to read Gooooal! instead. Philanthropy In 2004, Google formed the not-for-profit philanthropic Google.org, with a start-up fund of $1 billion. The mission of the organization is to create awareness about climate change, global public health, and global poverty. One of its first projects was to develop a viable plug-in hybrid electric vehicle that can attain 100 miles per gallon. Google hired Larry Brilliant as the programs executive director in 2004, and the current director is Megan Smith. In 2008 Google announced its project 10100 which accepted ideas for how to help the community and then allowed Google users to vote on their favorites. After two years of silence, during which many wondered what had happened to the program, Google revealed the winners of the project, giving a total of ten million dollars to various ideas ranging from non-profit organizations that promote education to a website that intends to make all legal documents public and online. In 2011, Google donated 1 million euros to International Mathematical Olympiad to support the next five annual International Mathematical Olympiads . On July 2012, Google launched a Legalize Love campaign in support of gay rights. Tax avoidance   Google uses various tax avoidance strategies. Out of the five largest American technology companies it pays the lowest taxes to the countries of origin of its revenues. The company accomplishes this partly by licensing technology through subsidiaries in Ireland, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the Netherlands. This has reportedly sparked a French investigation into Googles transfer pricing practices. Following criticism of the amount of  corporate taxes that Google paid in the United Kingdom, Chairman Eric Schmidt said, Its called capitalism. We are proudly capitalistic. During the same December 2012 interview Schmidt confirmed that the company had no intention of paying more to the UK exchequer. In 2013, Schmidt responded to questions about taxes paid in the UK by pointing to the advertising fees Google charged UK companies as a source of economic growth. Google Vice president Matt Brittin testified to the Public Accounts Committee of the UK house of commons that his UK sales team made no sales and hence owed no sales taxes to the UK. Environment Since 2007, Google has aimed for carbon neutrality in regard to its operations. In June 2013, the Washington Post reported that Google had donated US$50,000 to the Competitive Enterprise Institute, a libertarian think tank. In July 2013, it was reported that Google had hosted a fundraising event for Oklahoma Senator Jim Inhofe, who has called climate change a hoax. See also Comparison of web search engines Criticism of Google Dont Be Evil Google Google Balloon Internet Google Catalogs Google China Google Chrome Experiments Google logo Google platform Google Ventures – venture capital fund Google X Google+ Googlebot – web crawler Googlization List of Google domains List of mergers and acquisitions by Google Ungoogleable References External links not add links at the Internet Archive at Hoovers Bibliography: Wikipedia